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IAEA officials: Fukushima ongoing discharge of treated radioactive water going well_我的网站

A |     　　北京8月17日电（记者     韩鹏飞）如果说传统的电力系统，宛如一部节奏严谨的进行曲，步调一致，力量雄厚；那么新型电力系统，则更像是一部气象万千、充满活力的宏大交响乐。风是灵动的小提琴，光是清脆的短笛，它们的加入让能源的乐章不再单调，而是充满了无限的生机与可能。    TOKYO -- The operator of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant said the discharge of the second batch of treated radioactive wastewater into the sea ended as planned on Monday, and International Atomic Energy Agency officials in Japan for their first safety and monitoring mission since the release began two months ago said “no issues” were observed.Fukushima Daiichi started releasing treated and diluted radioactive wastewater into the sea on Aug. 24. The operator, Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, said the release of a second, 7,800-ton batch of treated wastewater was completed, with its daily seawater sampling results fully meeting safety standards.A magnitude 9.0 quake on March 11, 2011, triggered a massive tsunami that destroyed the plant’s power supply and cooling systems, causing three reactors to melt and spew large amounts of radiation. Highly contaminated cooling water applied to the damaged reactors has leaked continuously into building basements and mixed with groundwater.The release of treated wastewater is expected to continue for decades. It has been strongly opposed by fishing groups and neighboring countries including South Korea, where hundreds of people have protested. China banned all imports of Japanese seafood the day the release began, badly hurting Japanese seafood producers, processors and exporters. Russia recently joined China in the trade restrictions.“I would say that the first two batches of releases went well. No issues were observed," Lydie Evrard, IAEA deputy director general and head of the department of nuclear safety and security, told a Tokyo news conference. She said she visited Fukushima Daiichi on Friday for a firsthand look.Evrard's visit came on the heels of a marine sampling mission by another IAEA team that included scientists from China, South Korea and Canada. She said all participants in that mission said their activity went well. She did not say whether Chinese scientists acknowledged the safety of the release.She said China has been involved in the IAEA safety task force since the beginning of the review that began two years ago and has participated in corroboration activities. The IAEA is aware of China’s concern and engaged with its authorities, Evrard said.Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida, in his policy speech Monday, renewed his call for China to immediately lift its ban on Japanese seafood imports.During the Oct. 16-23 visit, the IAEA sampling team collected seawater, sediment and fish from near the plant and visited a marine laboratory near Tokyo that makes fish specimens for radiation analysis by institutions in and outside Japan, including the IAEA.During Evrard's visit, IAEA task force and Japanese officials are expected to discuss the safety of the ongoing discharge and their future mission plans, with a report expected by the end of the year. She said the discharge plan would be updated with new findings and data collected over the past two months.The IAEA, based on its two-year review of TEPCO's wastewater release plan, concluded in July that if it is carried out as planned, it will have a negligible impact on the environment, marine life and human health.Japan’s government and TEPCO say the discharge is unavoidable because wastewater storage tanks at the plant will be full next year. They say the water produced by the damaged plant is treated to reduce radioactivity to safe levels, and then diluted with massive amounts of seawater to make it much safer than international standards.TEPCO has said it plans to release 31,200 tons of treated water by the end of March 2024, which would empty only 10 tanks out of 1,000 because of the continued production of wastewater at the plant.。但这不再是单一乐器的独奏，而是多声部的协奏。2025年已为这部乐章奠定了昂扬基调——截至2025年底，全国全口径发电装机容量达38.9亿千瓦，风光装机历史性超越火电，风光发电量达2.3万亿千瓦时，占全社会用电量的22.1%，全社会用电量10.37万亿千瓦时，新增用电几乎全由绿电支撑，保供与转型协同成效显著。这背后，是“风”与“光”在中国广袤大地上的蓬勃生长，标志着我国能源结构调整迈出了关键一步。　　主角的更替意味着指挥逻辑的深刻重构。

B | 对于国家电投集团经济技术研究咨询有限公司市场研究所所长助理刘学而言，数字的跃升不仅是成绩单，更是一道崭新的课题。

C | 风光能源的天然属性，要求电力系统必须从传统的“确定性”模式，转向驾驭更具“波动性”的清洁能源。“风什么时候吹？光什么时候亮？这不再仅靠人工经验就能精准把控。”刘学指出，国家发展改革委、国家能源局印发的《新型电力系统建设“十五五”规划》（简称《规划》），正是为了应对这一变局。

D | 未来五年，我国将致力于构建一个能够精准指挥、高效驾驭并智能预测“风”与“光”的电网“超级大脑”，以确保这场绿色能源的交响乐既激昂澎湃，又和谐稳定。　　实现“稳节奏”的华丽转身　　要演好这场能源转型的交响乐，首先需要一个稳固的节奏底座。2026年上半年，全国全口径发电装机达40.4亿千瓦，我国成为全球首个突破40亿千瓦装机的国家，其中非化石能源发电装机占比62.4%。全国电力系统安全稳定运行，电力供应结构持续推进绿色低碳转型，电力供需总体平衡。　　数量的超越只是序曲，质量的融合才是重头戏。刘学指出，当新能源成为舞台上的主角时，传统的运行逻辑必须随之进阶。在这种新格局下，曾经唱响“主旋律”的煤电，正在完成一次至关重要的角色重塑。

E | 　　“煤电在未来相当长一段时间内仍是我国电力供应安全的重要支撑。”刘学分析道，在“十五五”期间，煤电将从过去的电量供给主体，优雅地转身为基础保障性和系统调节性电源，当好新型电力系统的“压舱石”与“定盘星”。这种转型并非退场，而是为了更好地配合。一方面，随着算力中心、电动汽车等新增用电需求的蓬勃发展，以及极端天气的偶发挑战，煤电需要守住电力供应的安全底线，确保整个能源体系的从容不迫；另一方面，它将发挥关键的调节作用，承担深度调峰、调频、电压支撑等任务，为高比例新能源的平稳并网提供坚实的托底。　　与此同时，作为输送绿色能源的“大动脉”，特高压电网也在迎来新的升级使命。从川西高原的云端变电站到中东部城市的万家灯火，我国已经建成全世界规模最大、技术最复杂的特高压交直流混联电网系统，电网规模、供电范围、供电能力均为世界第一。面对更高比例的新能源外送，特高压技术正在不断突破边界，既要保障大范围资源优化配置的畅通，又要通过先进的控制技术，确保在新能源波动下的电压稳定与频率稳定。

F | 这是一场技术与管理的双重精进，旨在让能源的流动更加自如、高效。　　唤醒亿万“细胞”的勃勃生机　　如果说电源和电网是交响乐的骨架，那么散落在千家万户、工厂园区的储能与分布式资源，就是这首乐曲中无数个活跃的“细胞”。唤醒这些细胞的潜能，不仅是未来五年电力系统最具想象力的篇章，更是构建电从“远方来”与“身边取”并重消纳体系的关键一招。

G | 在“十五五”期间，配电网将迎来一场提质升级的深刻变革，通过推动智能微电网的多元灵活互动，全面提升对分布式新能源的接纳能力，精准适配绿电直连等新业态的发展。这将为能源消费方式注入新的活力，推动其向更加绿色、灵活和高效的方向加速演进。　　《规划》对储能发展提出了愿景，而刘学对这一领域的变化尤为关注。他看到，抽水蓄能作为技术最成熟、寿命最长的系统级储能，正在稳步扩张；而新型储能则凭借选址灵活、响应迅速的优势，实现了跨越式增长。　　更令人振奋的是“车网互动”模式的兴起。

H | 根据《规划》，到2030年，车网互动聚合可调充电规模将达到约5000万千瓦。“这意味着，未来停在每个车位上的电动汽车，都可能成为电网的一个移动‘充电宝’。”刘学描述道。

I | 当电网需要支持时，这些电动汽车可以化身为调节资源，向电网反向送电；当风光能源盈余时，它们又可以及时吸纳清洁电力。　　这种亿万个分布式资源的聚合，正在催生出一种全新的组织形式——虚拟电厂。刘学坦言，要激活这巨大的潜能，关键在于构建合理的价值回报机制。未来五年，随着电力市场的完善，储能、电动汽车等资源将作为独立市场主体，参与电能量市场、辅助服务市场以及容量市场。通过价格信号的引导，这些沉睡的资源将被唤醒，转化为支撑电网平衡的强大力量，让整个能源系统充满弹性与活力。　　运筹数字镜像中的智慧升维　　拥有了稳固的基石和活跃的细胞，这首交响乐还需要一位拥有“全知视角”的指挥家。这便是数字化智能化技术为电网带来的智慧升维。　　《规划》提出要强化配电网规划引领，推动配电网建设改造和智慧升级。在刘学看来，这相当于为物理电网打造了一个平行的“数字孪生体”。“数字孪生技术构建了电力系统调度仿真模拟平台，把物理信息映射到数字空间，形成和实体电网实时同步的数字镜像。”　　在这个镜像世界中，指挥家可以提前预演未来。通过数据驱动，系统可以精准预判风光的出力变化和负荷的波动趋势。调度人员不再是被动的响应者，而是可以在数字空间中模拟极端天气、故障场景等各类工况，开展海量场景推演。当真实的风光波动到来之前，电网的“大脑”已经在虚拟世界中制定了最优的应对方案，实现了“未雨绸缪”。

J | 　　此外，人工智能技术的应用，让电网具备了更敏锐的感知力。大电网故障发生后，AI能够快速解析海量信息，实现故障的精确定位与快速处置，大幅缩短恢复时间。而在需求侧，通过智能算法，系统可以精准描绘负荷画像，挖掘调节潜力，让用户侧根据电网状态自主优化用电行为。　　这种从“物理融合”到“化学反应”的跨越，将彻底更新电网的运行逻辑。

K | 配合未来五年持续深化的电力体制改革，一个多层次、多品类的全国统一电力市场体系将加快形成。现货市场电价将能更灵敏地反映供需关系，容量电价机制将保障发电容量的长期充裕，辅助服务市场将为调节性资源提供合理的回报。　　展望2030年，中国电力工业正在描绘一幅壮丽的蓝图。

L | 这不仅是一场技术的革新，更是一次生产力的跃迁。

M | 从高端装备制造的国产化突破，到新材料、新能源汽车产业的协同发展，新型电力系统的建设将成为牵引上下游产业升级的强劲引擎。　　风起于青萍之末，浪成于微澜之间。在“超级大脑”的指挥下，中国电网将从容驾驭“风”与“光”，让清洁的“能源血液”在祖国大地上奔涌不息，为经济社会的高质量发展注入源源不断的绿色动力。

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