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Dutch king, queen confronted by protesters on visit to South Africa slavery museum_我的网站

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一 | K图 AMZN_0 　　亚马逊（Amazon）将于9月30日关闭运营21年的众包工作平台Amazon Mechanical Turk。　　该平台曾拥有超过50万名工作者，专门承接计算机难以完成的简单数字任务，亚马逊创始人杰夫·贝索斯（Jeff Bezos）因此将其称为“人工AI”。

二 | 　　亚马逊在平台网站发布公告称，公司会定期评估各项计划、工具和服务，并根据评估结果做出调整，经过评估后决定关闭这项服务。亚马逊上月已停止接纳Mechanical Turk新客户，当时不少工作者便将这一变化视为平台即将停止运营的信号。　　Mechanical Turk简称MTurk，于2005年上线，主要将企业发布的“人类智能任务”分配给平台工作者。 CAPE TOWN, South Africa -- Angry protesters in Cape Town confronted the king and queen of the Netherlands on Friday as they visited a museum that traces part of their country’s 150-year involvement in slavery in South Africa.King Willem-Alexander and Queen Maxima were leaving the Slave Lodge building in central Cape Town when a small group of protesters representing South Africa's First Nations groups -- the earliest inhabitants of the region around Cape Town -- surrounded the royal couple and shouted slogans about Dutch colonizers stealing land from their ancestors.The king and queen were put into a car by security personnel and quickly driven away as some of the protesters, who were wearing traditional animal-skin dress, jostled with police.The Dutch colonized the southwestern part of South Africa in 1652 through the Dutch East India trading company. They controlled the Dutch Cape Colony for more than 150 years before British occupation. Modern-day South Africa still reflects that complicated Dutch history, most notably in the Afrikaans language, which is derived from Dutch and is widely spoken as an official language of the country, including by First Nations descendants.King Willem-Alexander and Queen Maxima made no speeches during their visit to the Slave Lodge but spent time walking through rooms where slaves were kept under Dutch colonial rule. The Slave Lodge was built in 1679, making it one of the oldest buildings in Cape Town. It was used to keep slaves -- men, women and children -- until 1811. Slavery in South Africa was abolished by the English colonizers in 1834.Garth Erasmus, a First Nations representative who accompanied the king and queen on their walk through the Slave Lodge, said their visit should serve to “exorcise some ghosts.”The Dutch East India Company established Cape Town as a settlement for trading ships to pick up supplies on their way to and from Asia. Slaves were brought to work at the colony from Asian and other African countries, but First Nations inhabitants of South Africa were also enslaved and forced off their land. Historians estimate there were nearly 40,000 slaves in the Cape Colony when slavery ended.First Nations groups have often lobbied the South African government to recognize their historic oppression. They say their story has largely been forgotten in South Africa, which instead is often defined by the apartheid era of brutal forced racial segregation that was in place between 1948 and 1994.First Nations people have a different ethnic background from South Africa's Black majority.___AP Africa news: https://apnews.com/hub/africa。每项任务的报酬通常只有几美分，工作内容包括数据标注、音视频转录和填写问卷等。

三 | 　　该平台的名字源自18世纪的“机械土耳其人”。这台机器表面上能够自动下国际象棋，但实际由藏在内部的棋手操控。

四 | 有媒体报道称，亚马逊最初推出MTurk，是为了借助人工完成其电商平台的海量数据标注工作。　　亚马逊没有说明关闭MTurk的具体原因。有媒体称，该平台近年来的活跃度和影响力持续下降。人工智能模型已经能够处理部分原本依赖人工完成的简单任务，Scale AI、Mercor和Prolific等数据服务企业也在招募工作者参与模型训练。　　数据工作者权益组织Turkopticon的组织者Krista Pawloski表示，近年来，亚马逊用于改进MTurk的资源似乎有所减少。随着同类数据标注服务增多，许多工作者开始转向其他平台。　　MTurk能否确保相关任务由人工完成也受到质疑。

五 | 2023年发布的一项研究显示，在一项摘要生成任务中，研究人员估计有33%到46%的MTurk工作者使用了大语言模型，这意味着部分被视为人工完成的数据可能实际由人工智能生成。不过研究人员表示，该结果能否适用于其他类型的任务尚不明确。　　亚马逊也曾借助人工智能训练需求推广MTurk，将其作为亚马逊云科技（AWS）旗下机器学习服务SageMaker的数据标注来源。AWS此前介绍，MTurk工作者可以全天候承接任务，有助于加快人工审核和数据标注工作的完成速度。　　Pawloski表示，部分保险公司和旅游公司目前仍依赖MTurk获取数据工作者，平台即将关闭促使这些企业加紧寻找替代服务。对部分工作者而言，MTurk提供了可以远程完成、工作时间较为灵活的收入来源，目前仍有人将其作为全职工作，平台关闭将直接影响他们的生计。（文章来源：财联社）。