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Pakistan among 54 poor nations urgently need debt relief: UN_我的网站

A |     Geneva, Oct 11 (UNI) Cascading global crises have left 54 countries — home to more than half of the world’s poorest people — in dire need of debt relief, the UN said on Tuesday.

In a new report, the United Nations Development Programme warned that dozens of developing nations were facing a rapidly deepening debt crisis and that "the risks of inaction are dire".

UNDP said without immediate relief, at least 54 countries would see rising poverty levels, and "desperately needed investments in climate adaptation and mitigation will not happen".

That was worrisome since the affected countries were "among the most climate-vulnerable in the world".

The agency’s report, published ahead of meetings of International Monetary Fund, the World Bank, and also of G20 finance ministers in Washington, highlighted the need for swift action.

But despite repeated warnings, "little has happened so far, and the risks have been growing," UNDP chief Achim Steiner told reporters in Geneva.

"That crisis is intensifying and threatening to spill over into an entrenched development crisis across dozens of countries across the world."

The poor, indebted countries are facing converging economic pressures and many find it impossible to pay back their debt or access new financing.

The UN agency said debt troubles had been brewing in many of the affected countries long before the Covid-19 pandemic hit.

According to data, 46 of the 54 countries had amassed public debt totalling $782 billion in 2020, the report said.

Argentina, Ukraine and Venezuela alone account for more than a third of that amount.

The situation is deteriorating rapidly, with 19 of the developing countries now effectively shut out of the lending market — 10 more than at the start of the year.

A third of all the developing economies have meanwhile seen their debt labelled as being "substantial risk, extremely speculative or default," UNDP’s chief economist George Gray Molina told Geo news.

The countries at the most immediate risk are Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Tunisia, Chad and Zambia, he said.

Steiner, who has repeatedly raised the alarm about the crisis, voiced hope the international community might finally recognise that action is in everyone’s shared interest.

"Prevention is better than treatment and certainly... much, much cheaper than having to deal with a global recession," he said.

UNI GNK。    早在2017年，Climeworks就成为第一家从空气中吸出二氧化碳并将其作为产品出售的公司。那时，其名为Capricorn的直接空气捕集（DAC）工厂在瑞士Hinwil开业。除了作为Climeworks持续增长的基础，Capricorn的存在本身就是全新的碳清除行业的一个重要里程碑。五年后，Capricorn基本上是过时的气候技术。Climeworks周四宣布，它“完成了其在Hinwil的DAC设施的商业运作阶段，导致其第一代技术的淘汰”。该公司没有立即回应The Verge关于这对工厂的未来意味着什么的问题--它是否会完全关闭或继续在线但放弃向其他公司出售二氧化碳。

B | 但Climeworks在其公告中明确表示，它现在优先考虑“扩大其永久性二氧化碳清除量”。

C | 而Capricorn 并不是为了永久清除大气中的温室气体而建造的。它开始向附近的一个温室提供二氧化碳，该温室用它来帮助种植蔬菜。然后，可口可乐HBC瑞士公司在2019年出现，并开始购买二氧化碳来对其气泡矿泉水进行碳酸化。据Climeworks称，这是第一次将直接空气捕集技术应用于饮料行业。Capricorn向世界展示了直接从空气中捕获二氧化碳的技术可以在商业规模上发挥作用。挑战在于，打开瓶装苏打水最终会将二氧化碳释放回空气中。而作为示范项目开始的Capricorn，并没有捕捉到非常多的二氧化碳。

D | 为了真正对气候变化产生影响，大量的二氧化碳需要被抽出并永久储存。

E | 这就是Climeworks的最新努力的目标。2021年9月，该公司开设了迄今为止最大的直接空气捕集厂，名为Orca，与Capricorn每年捕集的几百吨二氧化碳相比，它能够每年从空气中去除4000吨二氧化碳。6月，Climeworks公司的Mammoth项目破土动工，预计其捕获的二氧化碳是Orca的9倍。

F | Orca和Mammoth都位于冰岛Hellisheiði的战略位置--那里相对年轻的玄武岩层可以为捕获的二氧化碳提供充足的储存，就在捕获的设施附近。

G | 有趣的是，Climeworks在冰岛的业务仍然在Carbfix公司的帮助下制造一种气泡水，该公司与之合作储存二氧化碳。在从空气中过滤后（使用看起来像装满巨大风扇的集装箱），每吨二氧化碳与大约27吨水混合。然后，这些气泡水被注入地下，在那里它将与玄武岩发生反应，产生碳酸盐矿物。这个想法是，一旦碳酸水变成了坚硬的岩石，就不必担心二氧化碳逸出并加热我们的星球。

H | 在Capricorn之前，在实验室之外并没有太多的工作以这种方式解决气候变化问题。可以肯定的是，仍然有很长的路要走，以证明围绕着碳清除的技术、经济和政策能够足够一致，对气候危机产生重大影响。Capricorn的初步成功是这个旅程的一部分。现在，随着该设施退居二线，转而从事更持久的碳清除工作，Capricorn正标志着该行业的另一个转折点。

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Published on:15:06:17