神偷奶爸3

编辑同志： 在国际市场能源价格飙升的背景下，欧美各国呼吁对能源企业征收暴利税。请问何为暴利税？ 山西读者白宇 暴利税是指对特定公司或产业突然获得的暴利采用更高的税率征税。    In recent months, the prices of all basic products in Israel as well as fuel and real estate have gone through the roof, and Israelis have already started voicing their concerns. They've set up tents in the center of Tel Aviv and are planning to take to the streets on Saturday evening to vent anger at the government for failing to address their economic concerns.,A similar phenomenon is also being seen in the West Bank. In early June, Palestinians started demonstrating in several locations across the West Bank, demanding that their government tackle the soaring food prices that have gone up by 30 percent since March.,Not Able to Make Ends Meet,Nizar Nobani, a Palestinian employee of the PA security forces, is just one of many who have been feeling the sting of soaring prices.,The 49-year-old father of six rents an apartment in the West Bank city of Nablus, where he pays about $450 per month, and he says he can barely make ends meet.,"I receive some 4,000 shekels per month [roughly $1,200]. Half of my salary goes to pay for rent and various bills. The other half goes to provide food, education and clothes to my family, and this is definitely not enough," he complained.,Not long ago, the situation had not been that bad for Nobani. Before the price hikes, he admits his economic situation was bearable. He provided for his family and even managed to save some money from his monthly salary.,Now his savings are all gone. Local authorities have tried to explain to the masses that the spiraling prices were triggered by the raging hostilities between Russia and Ukraine, something that influenced the export of grain. But Nobani is certain it is only a small piece of the puzzle.,"I started noticing that the prices were going up a year ago, long before the eruption of the hostilities in Ukraine," he recalled.,"Of course, whatever is happening in the world affects us. But our financial situation has been bad even before. Part of the problem was the coronavirus pandemic. Another one was the lack of any strategic economic plan put forward by the PA. And that has made us vulnerable to new crises," he added.,Government to the Rescue?,The outbreak of COVID-19 in the Palestinian territories in March 2020 has shattered the already fragile Palestinian economy. In 2021, the PA reported that 34 percent of its population was unemployed. Poverty reached 29 percent, an eight point spike from 2016.,Israeli Parliament Rejects Bill Extending Country's Law in West Bank, Reports Say7 June, 07:07 GMT,The PA has been struggling to cope with the crisis, partially because it lacked the necessary funds; and partially due to the fact that no economic assistance has been offered to the population. The result was that people like Nobani felt helpless.,"The only thing I am getting from the government is my salary. As I am considered a government employee I am not allowed to take any odd jobs, but the government doesn't lift our salaries either, so there is a gap between what we are earning and the daily expenses that continue to rise," he lamented.,Nobani is supportive of the protests now taking place across the West Bank. Just like hundreds of thousands of other Palestinians, he wants to live in dignity. But looking at the situation now, he says his hope for a better future are slowly vanishing.,"If it continues like this, I doubt we will see an improvement. And this means that we will continue to become poorer."。暴利税在英语中为Windfall Tax，Windfall是指被风吹落的果子，引申指意外之财，Tax指税收。

二 | 对意外之财征税，就是暴利税了。地缘政治造成油价飙升，进而对能源企业征暴利税，这样的情况此前在美国就出现过。上世纪七八十年代，受石油输出国组织实施石油禁运和伊朗伊斯兰革命等因素影响，国际油价大幅走高。

三 | 在此背景下，美国于1980年颁布了《原油暴利税法》，对油企生产的原油征税，税率在30%到70%不等。不过到上世纪80年代末，随着国际市场油价回落，美国里根政府就取消了这一针对油企的暴利税。此后，每当国际市场油价飙升，美国就有政客提出对油企征暴利税，但均未付诸实践。今年5月，英国时任首相约翰逊政府宣布向能源企业征收暴利税，税率为25%。事实上，英国政府此前也征收过暴利税，而且对象不限于能源企业。

四 | 1981年，撒切尔政府曾对银行征收过暴利税；1997年，工党政府对私有化的公用事业公司征收过暴利税。通常认为，政府征收暴利税有利于调节收入分配，特别是当今西方社会，通胀飙升、人民生活负担加剧，将从能源产业征收的税款用于补贴公私用度，有相当高的民意基础。

五 | 但也有经济学家指出，征收暴利税会影响企业投资信心，不利于产业长远发展。也有批评人士认为征收暴利税是一种武断行为：既然意外盈利会被额外征税，那么亏损时能否要求政府补贴呢？（汪品植）