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福鼎前岐马灯民俗：鼓乐声声“马蹄”疾_我的网站

极速前进

A | AI摘要福鼎前岐中心小学将省级非遗“前岐马灯”纳入校本课程，聘请传承人授课。学生组建社团习练源自戚家军阵法的十三阵式，通过“传承人+教师”模式推动非遗活态传承，让传统文化在校园扎根。

The 24th group of the low-orbit internet satellites aboard a Long March-12 carrier rocket is launched at 12:10 pm on August 16, 2026 from a commercial spacecraft launch site in the southern island province of Hainan. Photo: VCG
Two successful launches among China's recent frequent moves caught particular attention of space watchers - the 24th group of low-Earth orbit internet (LEO) satellites aboard a Long March-12 rocket was sent from a commercial spacecraft launch site in the southern island province of Hainan on Sunday, 12 days after the 23rd group of LEO satellites aboard a Long March-8A rocket was launched from the same Hainan site on August 4.
Sunday's mission marked the 663rd launch of the Long March series of carrier rockets, which on Monday sent an SEO satellite into preset orbit, per Xinhua.
Experts said the launches of two groups of LEO satellites within 12 days underlined that China is notably accelerating its pace of building its satellite internet constellation.
"The launch of LEO satellites has now entered a regular and cyclical rhythm, with batches of satellites continuously being sent into orbit at relatively stable intervals," Kang Guohua, a senior member of the Chinese Society of Astronautics and a professor of Aerospace Engineering at Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, told the Global Times on Monday.
China launched the first group of LEO internet satellites on December 16, 2024, proceeding to the 24th batch in about 20 months. Kang said three major production and launch "assembly lines" are supporting the effort: satellite factories featuring centralized design in Beijing, coordinated supply chains and mass production; rockets with streamlined launch and testing procedures and multiple configurations; and launch sites capable of supporting routine constellation deployment.
The Long March-12, which played a key role in the latest LEO satellite launch, is China's first 4-meter-class single-core-stage carrier rocket and was specifically developed for commercial launch needs. It is about 62.6 meters long, has a liftoff mass of 430 tons and can carry more than 12 tons to low-Earth orbit. Its first stage is equipped with four 1,250-kilonewton pump-fed liquid oxygen-kerosene engines and uses a newly developed coal-based aerospace kerosene, according to Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology.
The rocket adopts a "three-horizontal" launch preparation model: horizontal assembly, horizontal testing and horizontal transportation. Depending on mission requirements, it can use fairings with diameters of 4.2 or 5.2 meters and support both single-satellite and multi-satellite launches into different orbits.
"This flexibility makes the Long March-12 particularly suitable for the 'one rocket, multiple satellites' model required for constellation deployment, making it one of the main launch vehicles currently used for LEO constellation missions," Kang said.
The mission also highlighted the launch site's growing ability to support high-frequency launches. The rocket took only two and a half days from being transported to the launch area to liftoff, setting a record for the shortest time a rocket occupied the launch position at the site, Kang said.
Despite the rapid progress, experts cautioned that the 228 satellites currently in orbit remain some distance from the ultimate goal. China's satellite internet project has a long-term goal of deploying nearly 8,000 satellites and is now in an accelerated "weaving" phase.
China's advantage lies in its ability to control costs and boost production efficiency once satellite manufacturing reaches mass-production scale, another expert surnamed Liu told the Global Times.
"Whether it is the production capacity of AI centers or the factory in Hainan, which has an annual satellite manufacturing capacity of 1,000 units, satellite production itself is not the problem," Liu said. "More bottlenecks lie in the operational efficiency of launch pads and the rocket payload and recovery technology."
The real challenge lies in rocket reusability. Only by lowering launch costs and increasing launch frequency can China sustain a pace of more than one launch per week. This is also the strategic significance of accelerating the development of reusable rocket technology, including the Long March-10B and privately developed rockets, Kang further noted.
Chinese Academy of Engineering academician Deng Zhongliang previously said in an interview that satellite internet will serve as an indispensable space-time infrastructure for 6G, enabling emerging industries worth trillions of yuan, including the low-altitude economy, advanced autonomous driving and the Internet of Things (IoT).
The 23rd group of low-orbit internet satellites aboard a Long March-8A carrier rocket is launched on August 4, 2026 from a commercial spacecraft launch site in the southern island province of Hainan. Photo: VCG

The 23rd group of low-orbit internet satellites aboard a Long March-8A carrier rocket is launched on August 4, 2026 from a commercial spacecraft launch site in the southern island province of Hainan. Photo: VCG
。今年2月，前岐中心小学学生在赤溪村准备马灯演出。（资料图片）东南网8月25日报道（福建日报记者庄然通讯员王婷婷）每个人的每一步都很重要 8月17日下午4点半，福鼎市前岐中心小学的操场上，准时响起一阵急促的鼓点。六年级学生鲁骏楠深吸一口气，腰间系好竹马，头戴红缨盔，一个箭步跃上舞台。“马来！”他一声吆喝，连翻几个跟头，落地时稳稳扎住马步，左手拉缰，右手挥鞭——身后15名少年鱼贯而出，两列竹马队伍如游龙穿梭，鼓乐声中，马蹄声碎，尘土飞扬。台下，四年级的孩子们看得眼睛发亮，个个攥紧拳头，小声问身旁的指导老师潘巧玲：“我什么时候也能上场？” 潘巧玲笑了：“等你学会十三阵式，就能骑上‘战马’。” 这是前岐马灯社团的训练日常。每周一，这支由小学四至六年级学生组成的马灯队都会在这里排练两小时。孩子们身上绑着竹马，马头高昂，马鬃飘逸，马胸前挂着串铃和亮片，在阳光下闪闪发光。鼓手队10余人分列两侧，大鼓、唢呐、笛子、锣齐鸣，节奏时而急促如暴雨，时而舒缓如流水。 “马灯表演，关键在阵式。

B | ”潘巧玲说。她在前岐中心小学教书，也是马灯社团的指导老师之一。

C | 9年前，她拜前岐马灯第四代传承人杨丽辉为师，从零学起。“传统完整版需要32人，我们根据实际情况进行调整，把表演者分成2个小队，他们摆出的每个阵式都有不同含义，表演讲究走位、速度、配合，每个人的每一步都很重要。” 源自戚家军抗倭练兵阵法时光走过400余年。

D | 相传，前岐马灯民俗始于明朝正德年间。

E | 每年正月初三至元宵，当地村民扎起竹马，点上蜡烛，扮作古代将士，在锣鼓声中穿街过巷。马灯所到之处，鞭炮齐鸣，万人空巷。

F | 人们相信，马灯能驱邪纳福，带来风调雨顺。 “旧时没有文字记载，全靠方言口口相传。”省级非遗代表性传承人杨丽辉十七八岁开始学艺，如今早已步入花甲之年。她说，马灯共有13个阵式，每个阵式对应不同的战场场景——有的像八卦阵，有的像长蛇阵，有的像雁翅阵。“老一辈人说，这些阵式是从戚继光抗倭时的练兵阵法演变而来的。

G | ” 2012年，前岐马灯被列入第四批福建省非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录。如今，闽东地区能够完整制作马灯并表演全套阵式的，仅有前岐镇。走进前岐中心小学的马灯陈列室，两侧墙上挂满了色彩斑斓的竹马头。这些竹马并非批量生产的工艺品——每一套都需要老艺人用竹篾手工编制，耗时两天左右。

H | 编好骨架后，再蒙上各色纱布，镶嵌马眼、马嘴、马耳，鬃毛和尾巴用仿真尼龙丝制成。 “马灯的叫法，源于早年间装备里点的蜡烛。”杨丽辉介绍说，“20世纪70年代开始，蜡烛改用小灯珠，到2017年我们又升级成了LED灯，光感更好，也更轻便。” 演出服饰同样考究。头盔用质地坚韧的纸板制成盔身，再加以装饰；头巾、马甲、马裤用各色绸缎缝制，讲究颜色搭配。“有些工序现在可以请机器帮忙，但关键部位还得靠手工缝制，马虎不得。

I | ”杨丽辉说。

J | “没有热爱，坚持不下来” “传”，是杨丽辉说得最多的一个字。眼下，前岐中心小学将马灯民俗纳入校本课程，建立了“前岐马灯（竹马）传习所”，聘请杨丽辉每周一下午定期授课。校长林灵说：“我们采取‘传承人+专业教师’的模式，既教技艺，也教文化，让孩子们知道这不是简单的表演，而是老祖宗留下的宝贝。” 社团里，如今已有6名教师共同教学。“选队员要看特长——扮演随军丫鬟的要会跳舞，男生要能翻跟头。”潘巧玲说，“最重要的是热爱，没有热爱，坚持不下来。” 鲁骏楠已经练了3年，最喜欢扮演“马头军”——队伍的先锋，负责第一个出场亮相。“第一次上台特别紧张，怕翻跟头摔跤。”他说，“后来练多了就不怕了，每次听到鼓声，就觉得浑身有劲。” 近年来，前岐中心小学的马灯队先后参加了全国文化科技卫生“三下乡”福建分会场集中示范活动、“我们的中国梦·文化进万家”中国广播艺术团赤溪慰问演出等，收获广泛好评。