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The 19th WAPE Forum opens in London_我的网站

A |       据最新一期《自然》杂志报道，美国麻省理工学院、奥地利科学技术研究院等机构研究人员利用詹姆斯·韦布空间望远镜（JWST），在宇宙诞生后约6.6亿年的宇宙黎明时期发现了迄今已知最早的“黑洞星”。

B | 这一由快速成长黑洞及致密气体构成的奇特天体，或有助于揭开神秘“小红点”的真实身份，并为解释早期宇宙超大质量黑洞的快速形成提供线索。

C |   超大质量黑洞通常潜伏在大质量星系中心，质量可达太阳的数百万至数十亿倍。

D |     The 19th Annual Forum of the World Association for Political Economy (WAPE) opened on the afternoon of August 5, local time, at the University of Greenwich in London under the theme "The Wealth of Nations in the Multipolar Age".
The five-day forum has brought together more than 200 professors and scholars from universities around the world. The agenda covers a broad range of political economy topics, including the political economy of economic development and productivity growth in a multipolar world, the implications of the U.S. dollar and dollar-denominated stablecoins as global currencies, the significance and impact of China's recent global initiatives, and the evolving roles of organizations and mechanisms such as BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.
Cheng Enfu, a member of the Presidium of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Academic Divisions and Chief Professor at the University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said this year's WAPE forum focuses on Adam Smith's "The Wealth of Nations" and its contemporary relevance. "Drawing on the enduring value of Adam Smith's ideas will contribute to the healthy development of China's socialist market economy as well as the global economy," he said.
Professor Andrew Westby, Deputy Vice-Chancellor at the University of Greenwich, said the discussions on political economy would have a substantive impact on the development of ideas in the 21st century.
Ding Xiaoqin, Deputy Dean of the Institute of Xi Jinping's Economic Thought at Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, said the forum, themed "The Wealth of Nations in the Multipolar Age", has brought together more than 200 Marxist economists from over 40 countries, making it one of the largest gatherings of Marxist political economists worldwide.
During the forum, WAPE presented the 2026 Marxian Economics Award and the Distinguished Achievement Award of World Political Economy of the 21st Century. Independent researcher Michael Roberts was among the recipients. He said he was both pleased and surprised to receive the honor. "Most of my work is published through my blog, where I regularly write about a wide range of topics, combining theoretical discussion with analysis of real-world developments in the global economy. I've also written a number of books. I hope this work helps people better understand the world we live in today and how we can strive for a fairer society."
WAPE is an open, nonprofit international academic organization dedicated to the study of the global economy and national economies through the lens of modern Marxian economics, exploring their underlying dynamics and operating mechanisms, and advancing economic development, social progress, and a global community with a shared future, with the ultimate goal of improving the well-being of people around the world. Since 2006, the association has held 18 international forums in cities including Shanghai, Beijing, Suzhou, and Paris.
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E | 然而，科学家一直难以解释，为何在宇宙诞生后仅数亿年，就已经出现了一些质量巨大的黑洞。  此次发现的天体被命名为“MoM-BH*-1”。研究人员原本利用JWST寻找宇宙早期星系，却在观测数据中发现一个异常明亮、颜色偏红的光点。它的尺度只有太阳系大小，但能量输出却约为普通恒星产生的能量上限的1000亿倍，远超普通恒星核聚变所能达到的水平。  与此同时，MoM-BH*-1的光谱还呈现出一种异常强烈的“巴耳末跳跃”，这种光谱特征通常与恒星大气中的致密气体有关。

F | 同时，其光谱中几乎没有金属元素的明显痕迹，主要表现为氢和氦的特征。  研究人员模拟发现，极其致密的氢气可形成类似“巨大恒星表面”的气体包层，吸收特定波长的光，从而解释其特殊光谱。  但这仍无法解释它惊人的亮度。进一步分析显示，最符合观测结果的情景是：MoM-BH*-1中心有一个约为太阳质量10万倍的黑洞，周围包裹着近似太阳系大小的致密氢气。黑洞吸积物质释放的能量为整个系统提供动力，外围气体则让它看起来像一颗巨大的恒星——研究人员因此将其称为“黑洞星”。  “黑洞星”的发现还有助于解释JWST近年来频繁发现的神秘“小红点”。这些紧凑、明亮且偏红的天体在早期宇宙中似乎随处可见，却在今天的宇宙中消失殆尽。研究人员发现，如果将类似MoM-BH*-1的天体置于早期星系中，其整体光谱可能与“小红点”高度相似。

G | （记者张佳欣）。

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