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Taliban bans many subjects for women in Afghan varsities_我的网站

A |     Kabul, Oct 15 (UNI) A year after banning most teenage girls from attending school, the Taliban are imposing sweeping restrictions on which courses women can enroll for in at public universities, a BBC report said.

The choice for female students can vary from university to university, and depending on which part of the country you're in, the BBC found. Women are allowed to take medicine and nursing in all provinces, as well as teacher training and Islamic studies.

But veterinary science, engineering, economics and agriculture appear off-limits to women nationwide, while opportunities to study journalism are extremely limited.

The militant group have said the correct "Islamic environment" needs to be created for older girls to be allowed back into schools. However, more than a year after they returned to power this still has not happened in most provinces, with reports suggesting hardliners in the group remain opposed to it.

Many girls did not get to complete their final year at school as girls were banned from high school by the Taliban after they seized power in August 2021, the BBC said.

The Taliban did, however, make the decision that girls who were in the last year of school could also sit university entrance exams.

This hope though appears short-lived with the limitations on the subjects being introduced for women only.

At several universities, the BBC report said, female students were given the option of taking a test in subjects such as nursing, midwifery or literature, which are among the courses on offer at the seven faculties open to them at Nangarhar, but not in journalism.

University professors who supervised the entrance examination there confirmed to the BBC that boys would be allowed to choose any subject they want.

Officials expect 100,000 students (including 30,000 women) were likely to take university entrance exams in Afghanistan this year, the BBC said.

The academic year starts either in March or August, and it usually takes two to three months for entrance exam results to be announced. Now, with the Taliban back in power, nobody is sure when the results will be released, the BBC reported.

Male and female students have been taking the exams separately - in line with Taliban rules on segregating students by gender - for example boys in the morning, girls in the afternoon or by using screens in exam halls. In some provinces where the candidate numbers were high, entrance exams were held over two or three days.

Activists told the BBC, the number of female students applying for university will fall dramatically in the coming years, unless the Taliban reopen secondary schools to girls from grades 6 to 12.

Taliban officials are downplaying the restrictions. Abdul Qadir Khamush, who heads the examinations division in the Ministry of Higher Education, says girls can choose their favourite subject, with the exception of just three or four.

"We need to provide separate classes for women. In some areas the number of female candidates are low. So we are not allowing women to apply for certain courses."

Officials are yet to reveal the number of university places on offer this year.

Afghanistan's education sector was badly affected after the Taliban takeover and there has been an exodus of trained academics after the withdrawal of US-led forces last year.

The country's economy has been largely dependent on foreign aid in recent decades, but aid agencies have partly - and in some cases fully - withdrawn support to the education sector after the Taliban refused to allow girls into all secondary schools.

Many of the teaching staff who remain go unpaid for months, the BBC reported.

Taliban restrictions on which subjects girls can study are not always uniformly applied across the country, the BBC discovered. For instance, in Kabul University, girls are still allowed on some courses in the journalism faculty.

But girls cannot circumvent the distance-rule. The Taliban have divided the country into a number of zones and girls are not allowed to study outside them, in what amounts to another very serious restriction based on sex, the BBC found.

UNI ING。在CES 2019开幕前夕，索尼在拉斯维加斯发布了新的图片电视、8K分辨率液晶电视Z9G和4K OLED电视A9G。索尼在2019年有两个以上的新电视产品。记者招待会结束后，我们在海石市海市蜃楼酒店看到了许多A8G、X9500G和X8500G的新产品，并采访了索尼的技术研发人员。A9G和Z9G是索尼2019年的顶级产品，尤其是前者，这是索尼第一款量产的8K电视。Z9G采用8K HDR图像处理芯片X1旗舰版，新开发的8K X-Reality Pro技术（8K快速图像处理引擎Pro），结合8K图像信息数据，可以优化不同输入源的质量，即使是2K、4K甚至网络视频也可以最大程度的优化。在酒店的演示中，索尼特别使用了98英寸的Z9G来播放4K视频。在2米或3米的视距下，4K视频仍然感觉新鲜和清晰，不会因为视频的分辨率仅为屏幕的1/4而变得模糊。

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C | A9G在保留屏幕声场的同时优化了电视背面的设计。

D | 设计了一种新型挂篮。

E | 在壁挂状态下，A9G离墙壁只有5毫米，这是索尼最合适的OLED电视。_A9g和特殊机架_安装特殊机架后，拉伸A9g非常容易。除了A9G之外，索尼2019年的新OLED产品也有一个名为A8G的产品，它只提供65英寸和55英寸的型号。

F | 处理器是4K HDR图像处理芯片X1的高级版本。它的脚手架有两个高度和两个模式，与声音棒完美结合。根据索尼的定位，它负责扩大OLED电视市场。你可以预期价格。

G | 涴a8g，上图是结合了去年年初发布的Soundbar，x9000f是一个受欢迎的高端电视市场，没想到次年升级后的产品就来了，即x9500g（海外型号x950g）。X9500G有四种型号，55英寸、65英寸、75英寸和85英寸。它采用4K HDR图像处理芯片x1旗舰版，以及广受好评的广角视场技术和锐利的动态技术。为了同时获得高质量的声音，索尼增加了两个新的高音单元。为了控制厚度，大多数液晶电视都在电视底部安装了内置扬声器。它们通过反射来传送声音并增加低音。限制了液晶面板的工作原理，他们不能使用屏幕声场技术。

H | 索尼在X9500G的背面顶部增加了一个声场定位高音喇叭，在不影响厚度的情况下，可以有效地提高声音的立体声效果和指向性，高音喇叭的单能量不如低音单元的单能量强，不会影响液晶屏的工作。X9500G和后面的高音单元X8500G是酒店内唯一展出的中档车型。

I | 有超过85英寸、75英寸、65英寸和55英寸的型号。4K HDR图像处理芯片x1用于取代现有的X8500F系列。

J | 整个系列支持锐利的动态技术。其中，85英寸和75英寸支持广角透视技术。

K | 两台4K OLED电视，两台4K LCD电视和一台8K LCD电视，索尼几乎更新了整个电视产品线。新产品不仅采用新技术，而且采用新的外观设计。在参观了新产品后，艾霍晓边就问题采访了索尼电子工程师戴静维修和高级营销经理石川一义。Z9G 8K分辨率无疑是索尼CES平台2019年最亮丽的产品。编辑注意到它比4K液晶电视厚得多。在CES展览上，其他8K电视也是如此。索尼工程表示，它一直关注电视的发热问题。希望通过动态背光控制技术来控制电视的功耗，间接控制加热。即使如此，98英寸和85英寸Z9G的峰值功率仍然可以达到1100W和900W，为了获得更好的散热效果，Z9G比4K电视更厚。另一方面，增加厚度以容纳四个前导码。（注：液晶屏中的液晶为有机分子。温度直接影响工作的稳定性。

L | 随着LED背光温度的升高，发光效率降低，功耗进一步提高），目前_98英寸Z9G的金属支架和8K电视的背面仍然面临着一个大问题，缺少8K内容。索尼已经在它上面应用了8K线路倍增器技术（在8K中重新获得隐藏的细节）。与以前的2千乘法器到4千乘法器、2千乘法器、4千乘法器到8千乘法器相比，需要更多的数据源。

M | 幸运的是，索尼在这方面积累了很多。结合现有算法和经验，Z9G8K乘法器工作得很好。在索尼2019年推出的新电视中，索尼采用了一种叫做刀片式架构的设计风格。

N | 例如，Z9G使用金属工业风架。

o | X8500G塑料框对塑料进行了特殊处理，模拟了金属拉丝的效果，使塑料框达到金属外观，新电视支架变窄变长。左是索尼电视2019年的新遥控器。8K分辨率和更好的音质是最显著的改进。

p | 到目前为止，索尼还没有公布每种新产品的定价和上市时间。

q | 据索尼中国称，这可能仍然是2019年在中国推出的首款产品。如果读者感兴趣的话，他们会记得密切关注它。

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Published on:02:36:09