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【透视社·民生沸点】年轻人缴存个人养老金积极性为何不高？_我的网站

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一 | “我已经连续两年购买了12000元的个人养老金，个税优惠还是很有吸引力的。”深圳市民冯小姐介绍，在年度汇算退税时自己享受了2000多元的税收优惠，“就抵税这部分折算成收益，也跑赢了大部分理财方式”。

二 |

A logo of Moore Threads at the 2025 World Artificial Intelligence Conference in Shanghai on July 28, 2025 Photo: VCG
Chinese chipmaker Moore Threads, often described as "China's Nvidia" or "Nvidia alternative," reported fast revenue growth in the first half of 2026, which exceeded its entire 2025 full-year figure. The growth accompanied other domestic graphics processing unit (GPU) companies' gains, marking a clear shift toward profitability.
Moore Threads, China's GPU leader, reported 1.736 billion yuan ($257 million) in first-half revenue, up 147.42 percent year-on-year. Gross profit reached 989 million yuan, up 103.78 percent, while net losses attributable to shareholders narrowed sharply by 95.73 percent, according to the financial results released on Sunday.
The company attributed the strong growth to booming artificial intelligence (AI) demand for full-function GPUs and the accelerated commercialization of its Kuae intelligent computing clusters.
Moore Threads maintained heavy research and development (R&D) spending of 769 million yuan in the first half, up 38.16 percent year-on-year, bringing cumulative investment since 2022 close to 5.9 billion yuan. As of the end of June, it filed 2,167 patent applications and held 788 authorized patents, which ranked among the top ranks of domestic GPU enterprises, the company said.
As a result of its investment in R&D, Moore Threads' flagship MTT S5000 GPUs have realized large-scale sales, with deployments in Beijing, Wuxi, Hangzhou and other cities. The first batch of intelligent computing clusters passed national security and reliability evaluations and achieved multiple "domestic chip training domestic models" breakthroughs. Its MUSA software stack now supports more than 800,000 developers.
Moore Threads also announced plans for an IPO in the Hong Kong market. It was listed on Shanghai's STAR Market on December 5, 2025.
"Chinese firms are increasingly turning to domestic suppliers, accelerating demand for local AI accelerators. Under the combined forces of surging inference computing needs and continued capital expenditure by major cloud providers, the domestic GPU and AI chip sectors are moving from an investment phase into a commercialization and profit-delivery phase," Yang Delong, chief economist at Shenzhen-based First Seafront Fund, told the Global Times on Sunday.
Biren, Moore Threads, MetaX and Enflame Technology are dubbed China's "four little dragons" in the GPU sector. Apart from Moore Threads, the other companies also showed rapid growth in their recent financial results.
In June, MetaX reported first-quarter revenue of 562 million yuan, up 75.37 percent year-on-year, and said that it had begun volume sales of its next-generation general-purpose GPU C600, representing further breakthroughs in the areas of domestic adaptation and supply chain autonomy control.
Enflame Technology reported 1,474.85 percent year-on-year growth in its revenue in the first quarter. The company estimated that its first-half revenue would grow 258.68-289.13 percent, likely to reach the level of the entire year of 2025.
Domestic GPU company Biren in March released its first financial results after being listed in Hong Kong. It reported 207.2 percent full-year growth in revenue in 2025, with gross profit up 210.8 percent.
Fellow AI chip leader Cambricon also delivered equally robust results on Friday. Its first-half revenue hit 5.996 billion yuan, up 108.13 percent year-on-year, while net profit attributable to shareholders rose 122.61 percent to 2.311 billion yuan.
Growth was driven by deeper partnerships with leading financial and internet firms and scaled commercial deployments. Cambricon said that it completed adaptation support for major Chinese open-source AI models including GLM, DeepSeek, Qwen, Kimi and MiniMax, strengthening its domestic AI computing ecosystem.
Ma Jihua, a veteran industry insider, told the Global Times that multiple Chinese companies are advancing along different technological routes covering high-, mid- and low-end products.
"With rapidly expanding capacity, they are better meeting domestic needs and beginning to reach global markets, thereby promoting more accessible AI," said Ma.
"The AI technology sector's high prosperity is expected to persist, remaining a core investment theme with substantial medium- and long-term opportunities," said Yang.
。　　目前，个人养老金制度运行平稳，先行工作取得积极成效，2023年个人养老金账户累计开立达5000万户。但缴存人数仅占开户人数的22%，存在“开户热缴存冷”、对年轻人吸引力低、税收激励有限等现象。　　年轻人都有哪些顾虑？如何吸引更多年轻人参与？在制度设计上还有哪些环节需要完善？图源：卡乐图片摄影/宁颖　　超5000万人开通个人养老金账户　　个人养老金是政府政策支持、个人自愿参加、市场化运营、实现养老保险补充功能的制度。来自人社部的数据显示，2023年个人养老金账户累计开立达5000万户，参与人数已达2022年全国纳税人数的76.8%。　　根据个人养老金实施办法及相关个人所得税政策，个人养老金实行个人账户制度，缴费由参加个人承担，年缴费上限为1.2万元。资金账户里的资金，参加人可自主选择购买符合规定的储蓄存款、理财产品、商业养老保险等产品。

三 | 　　同时，对个人养老金实施递延纳税优惠。在缴费环节，按照1.2万元/年的限额标准，在综合所得或经营所得中据实扣除；在投资环节，投资收益暂不征收个人所得税；在领取环节，个人领取的个人养老金，不并入综合所得，单独按照3%的税率计算缴纳个人所得税。　　在北京的韦先生看来，个人养老金政策最吸引的地方是个税优惠。“我们公司没有参加企业年金，除了基本养老金和商业保险外，个人养老金是我的一项重要养老储备。”韦先生还认为，个人养老金缴存额度有限，应该提高缴存上限，允许大家根据自身情况选择。

四 | 　　不过，从2023年个人养老金启动首年的“成绩单”来看，业内人士普遍认为呈现“开户热投资冷、缴存意愿不高”的现象。缴存人数仅占开户人数的22%，而人均缴存金额仅约2000元，远远低于1.2万元的缴存上限。　　年轻人都有哪些顾虑？　　“同样的钱，用来投资理财、还房贷更划算”。

五 | 35岁的石先生曾考虑过缴存个人养老金，但细想过后放弃了：“个税抵扣额有限，且必须退休后才能领。我现在‘上有老下有小’，一旦要用钱，个人养老金还取不出来。”一家人参观艺术展。图源：卡乐图片摄影/贾琼　　专家认为，从观念上看，年轻人的日常生活开销、赡养父母及抚养子女等即时财务需求往往优先于养老规划。但个人养老金账户要求账户封闭运行，封闭期长达数十年，缺乏应急退出机制，只有达到退休年龄时、丧失劳动能力等情形才能领取，一定程度上影响了开户缴存的意愿。　　此外，根据媒体调查，约40%的受访者仅听说过个人养老金制度，但不了解，12%的受访者通过该调查第一次了解该制度。“大部分90后年轻人乃至大部分中国居民对个人养老金制度缺乏了解，甚至不知道什么是个人养老金账户，以及该账户的设立目的和意义。”　　从更深层次的原因来说，这是因为部分年轻人缺乏养老储蓄观念，缺乏风险意识，未意识到未来养老可能面临的经济压力。这一方面由于他们认为距离退休还很遥远，没有做好养老准备；另一方面，则担心未来的经济形势对养老保障的影响。　　税收激励不足也是重要原因之一。根据相关数据，90后的平均年薪主要集中在6万~13万元之间。如此较低的收入，在个税起征点基础上加上专项扣除等，交不了多少个税。每年存满12000元个人养老金额度，很多90后实际上也难以享受到相应的税收优惠。　　年轻群体“趁早”规划养老　　1994年出生的广州市民小傅刚刚迎来自己的30岁生日，就在今年，她把规划“养老”这件事纳入了自己的人生日程。　　“父母的积蓄之前拿出来了不少给我买房，现在每月养老金刚够他们的日常生活，所以很担心他们的身体健康出现变化要用到大笔钱。”在社交媒体上，已有不少年轻人提问“攒多少钱才够养老”，有人感叹“自己四十岁才开始关注养老保险，后悔该早准备”……图源：卡乐图片摄影/宁颖　　在父母的老年生活中，小傅也窥见了自己老年生活的光景——基础的退休金仅够日常基本生活开销，想要更好享受“夕阳红”，主要得依靠自己早年的储蓄。

六 | “而且我这一代老了和父母面临的情况可能完全不一样了。

七 | ”因此，她今年去银行开立了自己个人养老金账户。　　“无论是‘90后’还是‘00后’，一旦开始工作，就应该考虑长期投资，如果不考虑代际传承，养老就是最长期的投资。”在相关学者看来，从开始工作到退休期间，有三四十年的时间跨度，年轻人提前规划养老投资十分必要。　　建议建立应急支出机制　　“对年轻人来说，提取个人养老金需要的时间太长了。政策如若允许缴存期间能提取部分个人养老金用于赡养父母等需求，将对年轻人的吸引力更大。”有市民这样认为。

八 | 　　基于人性化考虑和制度推广需要，专家建议建立个人养老金的应急支出机制，例如可以考虑将本人及直系亲属的重大疾病、伤残等特殊情况列为法定全额领取的条件。同时，探索将子女教育、赡养老人、偿还债务等情形纳入部分领取的范围，以更好地平衡制度的刚性与灵活性，提高账户资金的使用效率。　　近年来，灵活就业人员数量不断增加。“这部分年轻劳动者收入不稳定、流动性强，养老保险参保质量不高，漏保、脱保、断保等现象突出，养老储蓄不足。”个人养老金制度应向低收入者、个体劳动者及灵活就业人员适度倾斜。　　还有专家建议，加大税收激励，引导长期参与。

九 | 优先对税收优惠激励不足的低收入群体，尤其是缴存期超过15年的90后年轻群体的个人养老金账户发放财政补贴，鼓励低收入年轻群体配置个人养老金、加强长期养老保障。另外，建议调增个人养老金年度缴费金额上限。图源：卡乐图片摄影/贾琼　　国家社会保险公共服务平台数据显示，截至2024年4月，可供选择的个人养老金产品共746只，其中理财类产品23只，储蓄类产品465只，保险类产品71只，基金类产品187只。　　因此，个人养老金产品的选择是一大挑战。面对市场上五花八门的个人养老金产品，在缺乏专业指导的情况下，往往会感到迷茫和困惑，并担心自己的选择是否能够真正实现养老金的增值，是否能够在未来提供足够的养老保障。　　现在一些银行在推广个人养老金过程中“为开户而开户”。

十 | 专家认为，应通过业务咨询、养老规划等方式，帮助个人根据自身需求和风险偏好，选择合适的个人养老金产品，降低购买难度，减少信息不对称。　　（透视社综合工人日报、南方日报、第一财经报道）　　编辑：刘淞菱　　校对：李旭颖　　审核：龚紫陌。

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Published on:19:31:36