流星花园2

覆盖超八成国土面积,国家水网长什么样?_我的网站

胡雪岩

一 |       “‘六张网’建设刷新‘进度条’”系列报道之一  覆盖超八成国土面积,国家水网长什么样?  今年4月召开的中共中央政治局会议指出,加强水网、新型电网、算力网、新一代通信网、城市地下管网、物流网等规划建设。    The Pan American Games open Friday in Chile's capital with more than 100 spots available for next year's Paris Olympics and the usual contest to see who will finish second behind the United States in the medals chart.More than 6,800 athletes from 41 countries and territories will compete in Santiago over 17 days. Competitors in 20 sports, including gymnastics, boxing and swimming, will be looking to directly qualify for the Olympics. Other sports will offer spots based on quotas, ranking points or minimum qualification standards.The Pan American Games, the largest multi-sport event in the Americas, are held every four years and precede the Olympics by a year. Santiago, where the streets have been rocked by protests in recent years, will debut as host. About 17,000 volunteers and 3,000 security officers will work at the event.If injuries don't get in the way, the U.S. team in Chile will include 93 Olympians and 32 Olympic medalists in a roster of 631 athletes. Of those, 318 are women and 313 are men. They will compete in 43 of the 46 sports.Brazil, Mexico and Canada are expected to fight for second place in the medals table. The three are bringing some of their biggest stars to the competition, including Brazilian gymnast Rebeca Andrade, Mexican diver Osmar Olvera and Canadian swimmer Maggie Mac Neil.American athletes will seek Olympic qualification in nine sports: breaking, boxing, gymnastics (rhythmic, trampoline), sport climbing, field hockey (men’s and women’s), modern pentathlon, artistic swimming, handball and water polo (men’s and women’s).Athletes in archery, diving, equestrian jumping, table tennis, sailing and shooting can secure quotas that will send them to Paris next year. Those competing in badminton, 3x3 basketball, cycling, taekwondo and triathlon can get ranking points that allow them to qualify. Track and field athletes and swimmers can also get minimum qualification standards for U.S. Olympic team trials.The U.S. team at the Pan American Games has 13 Olympic champions, including nine who won gold in Tokyo — six members of the women's water polo team, fencer Lee Kiefer, shooter Vincent Hancock and swimmer Brooks Curry.The other four won their Olympic titles prior to 2021, including Helen Maroulis and Kyle Snyder in wrestling, and Laura Kraut and McClain Ward in equestrian.Four years ago, the United States won 293 medals in Lima, Peru — 122 gold, 87 silver and 84 bronze. Brazil came in a distant second with 54 gold, 45 silver and 70 bronze. Mexico finished in third with 37 gold, 39 silver and 62 bronze, edging Canada with 35 gold, 65 silver and 52 bronze.As the Olympics did in Japan, the Pan American Games are seeking to reach a younger audience with new sports. Breaking, sport climbing and skateboarding will make their debuts at the event. The latter two have already had a first Olympic competition in Tokyo, while breaking will debut next year in Paris.The opening ceremony of the Pan American Games will take place on Friday at the 47,000-seat Estadio Nacional, around which six new venues for 30 sports were built with an investment of $507 million.Inaugurated in 1938, the Estadio Nacional held its first major sporting event in 1962 when Brazil beat Czechoslovakia 3-1 to win the World Cup title in soccer.Eleven years later, the stadium became a place of horror with extrajudicial killings and torture after the coup d’etat that ousted President Salvador Allende and led him to kill himself in 1973.“People will be surprised by how beautiful this National Stadium Park turned out,” Neven Ilic, the president of organizer Panam Sports, said last week. “All Chileans should feel proud of the level of the facilities and because they will be hosting a celebration never seen before in this country.”The Chilean government says the park that includes the stadium will be a place for the public to practice sports, play and walk as part of the legacy of the Pan Am Games. Authorities also promise to hand over the apartments in the athletes village to families after the event as permanent housing.___AP sports: https://apnews.com/sports。

二 | 规划建设“六张网”是“十五五”开局之年的重大部署,既能稳投资、扩内需,更是增动能、提效益、惠民生、保安全的有力抓手。  当前,“六张网”建设正在加快推进,政策红利也在持续释放。

三 | 即日起本报推出“‘六张网’建设刷新‘进度条’”系列报道,介绍“六张网”建设的最新进展。——编者  位于江苏省扬州市江都区的南水北调东线源头江都水利枢纽。发  南水北调中线工程干渠十二里河渡槽处(河南省南阳市卧龙区段)水清岸绿,景色如画。高 嵩摄(人民图片)  位于广西壮族自治区桂平市的大藤峡水利枢纽工程。黄胜林摄(人民图片)  河北省黑龙港流域数百万人告别高氟水、苦咸水,喝上了“放心水”、健康水;安徽省天长市釜山水库灌区以前“望天收”,如今手机上点一点,水就流到了田里;曾断流27年的西辽河,实现全线水流贯通……这些改变,都与国家水网建设息息相关。

四 |   水网,联通江河湖海,事关国计民生。

五 | 目前,国家水网已覆盖超八成国土面积。“十五五”规划纲要提出,加强国家水网建设,增强洪涝灾害防御、水资源统筹调配、城乡供水保障能力。  国家水网建设全面提速  国家水网是一张什么“网”?《国家水网建设规划纲要》给出了明确答案:国家水网是以自然河湖为基础、引调排水工程为通道、调蓄工程为结点、智慧调控为手段,集水资源优化配置、流域防洪减灾、水生态系统保护等功能于一体的综合体系。  国家水网分为国家骨干网、省级水网、市级水网、县级水网。国家骨干网主要解决国家水资源宏观调配和流域防洪减灾问题,是国家水网主骨架和大动脉;省市县水网主要解决本行政区防洪、供水、灌溉、水生态环境保护等水利服务保障问题,提供高质量的水利公共服务。  为什么要建设国家水网?水利部相关负责人表示,中国基本水情一直是夏汛冬枯、北缺南丰,水资源时空分布极不均衡。中国人均水资源占有量仅为世界平均水平的35%,全国近70%城市群和90%以上能源基地、60%以上粮食主产区位于水资源紧缺地区,水资源格局与国土空间开发保护、人口经济发展布局不匹配的问题突出。随着全球气候变化影响加剧,暴雨洪涝干旱等灾害的突发性、反常性、极端性、不可预见性更加凸显,同时中国新型工业化、城镇化、农业现代化快速发展,对水资源的需求仍在增长,迫切需要加快完善网络型水利基础设施。

六 |   6月8日,三峡坝区,江阔岸绿。不远处,一排排挖掘机铺开长阵,钢铁巨臂此起彼伏。“十五五”时期开工建设的首个国家重大标志性工程——三峡水运新通道工程破土动工。

七 | 三峡水运新通道工程集水利、航运、生态等功能于一体,是三峡工程之后长江干线上最大的综合性工程。  当前,国家水网建设正全面提速。今年上半年,三峡水运新通道、太浦河后续一期等25项重大水利工程开工,接近去年全年开工数量。水利部发布的数据显示,国家水网40条骨干输排水通道已建和在建35条,588个重要调蓄结点已建和在建473个,国家水网覆盖范围占国土面积的比例已达80.3%。  《国家水网建设规划纲要》提出,到2035年,基本形成国家水网总体格局,国家水网主骨架和大动脉逐步建成,省市县水网基本完善,构建与基本实现社会主义现代化相适应的国家水安全保障体系。

八 |   水利部规划计划司副司长杨威介绍,“十五五”时期,水利部门加快国家水网骨干工程建设,打通水网“最后一公里”,完善水资源配置和供水保障体系、现代化水旱灾害防御体系、水生态保护治理体系,加快水利基础设施更新和数智化改造,实现国家水网经济效益、社会效益、生态效益、安全效益相统一。  各级水网加快融合、协同建设,蕴藏着稳投资、扩内需的广阔空间。据测算,“十五五”时期,国家水网建设投资将超6万亿元,新增300多万个就业岗位。  水旱灾害防御体系持续完善  国家水网建设扎实推进,水旱灾害防御体系持续完善。  在广西壮族自治区桂平市,大藤峡水利枢纽工程横卧于大藤峡峡谷出口弩滩处,它是珠江流域防洪控制性枢纽工程,是国家水网重要结点工程。

九 | 6月18日,大藤峡水利枢纽工程通过水利部主持的竣工验收。

十 |   竣工验收未满一个月,大藤峡水利枢纽工程就迎来了防汛“大考”——受第10号台风“美莎克”影响,“大风、暴雨、大流量”三重风险叠加。

十一 | 大藤峡水利枢纽工程超前腾库、超前拦蓄、精准调度,降低了西江和郁江汇合口水位,加速郁江洪水下泄;有效避免西江干流洪水与郁江洪峰遭遇,降低了郁江下游河道水位,充分发挥了防洪控制性枢纽工程的关键作用。  近年来,黄河古贤水利枢纽、淮河入海水道二期等一批战略性防洪工程开工建设,七大江河干流重要堤防达标三年行动全面完成,骨干输排水通道与重要调蓄结点不断健全,中国水旱灾害防御能力正在持续增强。  在防汛抗旱过程中,数字孪生技术加快落地。数字孪生技术将江河湖泊、水利工程实时映射到数字世界,从而推演洪水演进趋势,有效支撑精准化决策。

十二 | 数字孪生流域、数字孪生水网、数字孪生水利工程,共同构建起数字孪生水利体系。  水资源优化配置能力明显提升  国家水网越织越密,水资源优化配置能力明显提升。  “南水”北上,河北省黑龙港流域数百万群众彻底告别了高氟水、苦咸水的困扰;“南水”入京,有效降低北京生活用水“硬度”,提升饮水质量……  水利部和中国南水北调集团有限公司公布的数据显示:截至8月10日,南水北调东中线一期工程调水量超900亿立方米。其中,中线一期工程调水超800.5亿立方米,东线一期工程调水超99.5亿立方米。  目前,南水北调中线各受水城市生活供水保证率从75%提高到95%以上,东线各受水城市生活和工业用水保证率从80%提高到97%以上。

十三 | “南水”为沿线7个省份1.95亿人提供稳定优质水源。  从建设南水北调跨流域输水“大动脉”,到畅通密布乡村的供水“毛细血管”,各类水资源不断得到优化配置。  在安徽省天长市新街镇李坡村田间,水渠内水流潺潺。

十四 | 种粮大户唐世国感慨道:“以前等水要等四五天,如今手机点一点,当天水就流到了田里。

十五 | ”  天长市釜山水库灌区升级全域灌排骨干工程与田间配套设施,使用大数据智能研判用水需求、优化调度方案,让16.63万亩农田彻底告别“望天收”。  目前,全国耕地灌溉面积超10.9亿亩。“十五五”时期,水利部谋划储备一批大中型灌区现代化建设与改造项目,统筹灌区骨干工程与高标准农田建设,构建从水源到田间完整的灌排体系。  江河湖泊生态环境持续向好  国家水网体系不断完善,江河湖泊生态环境持续向好。

十六 |   夏日,西辽河内蒙古自治区通辽市开鲁县段河水清澈,绿意盎然,景色壮美。1998年以后,由于流域水资源过度开发、地下水超采等原因,西辽河处于常年断流状态。自2020年起,水利部连续开展水资源统一调度,西辽河干流有水河段逐年延长。2025年,通过流域统一调度和生态补水,断流27年的西辽河首次实现全线水流贯通。  西辽河的复苏并非个例。京杭大运河、永定河等一大批断流多年的河流全线贯通,白洋淀等一大批萎缩的湖泊生态系统恢复健康,山西晋祠泉等一大批枯竭的古泉复涌,海河流域“有河皆干、有水皆污”状况根本扭转。

十七 |   2022年以来,水利部以母亲河复苏行动为重点,大力推动河湖生态环境复苏,取得积极进展。日前,水利部印发《母亲河复苏行动方案(2026—2030年)》,部署开展第二批母亲河复苏行动,持续复苏河湖生态环境。

十八 | 第一批88条(个)母亲河(湖)复苏目标任务已全面完成。第二批确定了111条(个)母亲河(湖),复苏目标任务是,在正常来水条件下,实现季节性河流全线贯通,湖泊生态水位有效维持,常年流水河流维持全年全线有水,水动力条件明显提升,重点河湖生态功能明显改善,重要水生生境得到一定恢复,河湖健康生命有效维护。  地下水超采综合治理也取得显著成效。

十九 | 华北地下水超采区、南水北调受水区及其他重点地区地下水超采的综合治理持续推进。

| 与2020年相比,2025年底,华北治理区浅层和深层地下水位分别回升3.76米、7.65米,其他重点区域地下水位总体稳定。(潘旭涛 胡必泰)。

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Published on:08:42:28


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